First Families | This Happy Land |Pledging Allegiance | Palmetto Jews

	"A New Map of the English Empire in America," revised by John Senex, 1719 London, Daniel Browne and others, 1721 Courtesy of the South Caroliniana Library University of South Carolina.
	The Fundamental Constitutions, July 21, 1669 Charleston, S.C., undated edition Paper and ink, bound in leather Private collection
	Naturalization of Simon Valentine, Merchant: an alien of the Jewish Nation, May 26, 1697 Paper and ink South Carolina Department of Archives and History
	An Exact Prospect of Charles Town, June 9, 1739 Painted by Bishop Roberts Engraved by William Henri Toms London Magazine, 1762 Engraving with watercolor Private collection
	Biblia Hebraica of the DeLeon family Amsterdam, 1667 Paper and leather Private collection
	Hannah DeFrece D'Ancona Artist unknown Holland, ca. 1821-1825 Watercolor on ivory Private collection Baruch D'Ancona Artist unknown Holland, ca. 1821-1825 Watercolor on ivory Private collection
	Prayer book for the New Year and Day of Atonement, belonging to the Rodriquez Rivera family Amsterdam, 1717 Paper and ink, leather-covered wood, and metal clasp Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Jonas Phillips (1736-1803) Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827) United States, ca. 1800 American Jewish Historical Society, Newton Centre, Massachusetts and New York
	Myer Moses II (1779-1833) Artist unknown, ca. 1820 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Esther Phillips Moses (Mrs. Myer Moses) (1778-1845) Artist unknown, ca. 1820 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Montgomery Moses (1808-1886) P. Prescott United States, 1858 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Chief Justice F. J. Moses (1804-1877) Dowling, Charleston, S.C., 1900 Collection of The New York Historical Society
	The Ambush of Francis Salvador, August 1, 1776 (Diorama) Robert N. S. Whitelaw Charleston, S.C., 1970 (restored 2002) Mixed media Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Grant of Arms of the Salvador Family College of Heralds England, 1745 Parchment, ink, gilt and watercolor with plaited ribbon and wax seal Special Collections, College of Charleston Library
	Isaac DeLyon (b. 1739) Possibly Pierre Henri (1760-1822) ca. 1790 Watercolor on ivory Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Judith DeLyon Cohen (Mrs. Moses Cohen) (1748-1816) Possibly Pierre Henri (1760-1822) ca. 1790 Watercolor on ivory Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Abraham Moïse (1736-1809) Artist unknown, ca. 1790 Watercolor on ivory Private collection
	David Lopez (1750-1811) After a miniature painted ca. 1801 Ambrotype Private collection
	Abraham Alexander, Sr. (1743-1816) Attributed to Lawrence Sully (1769-1804) United States, ca. 1795 Watercolor on ivory Carolina Art Association/Gibbes Museum of Art, Charleston, S.C.
	Shepheard's Tavern, Corner of Church and Broad Streets, Charleston Birthplace of the Mother Supreme Council. Allyn Cox, 1959 Oil on canvas Courtesy of Scottish Rite Temple, Washington, D.C.
	Sixteenth Degree Prince of Jerusalem Masonic patent, issued to Thomas Napier Charleston, S.C., July 20, 1803 Paper and ink Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite
	Prayer book written by Emanuel de la Motta (1760-1821) Charleston, S.C., 1820 Leather, paper, and ink American Jewish Historical Society, Newton Centre, Massachusetts and New York
	Captain Abraham Mendes Seixas (1750-1799) Artist unknown, ca. 1795. Oil on canvas [reproduction] Courtesy of the New York Historical Society
	Nathan Nathans (1782-1854) N.F. Wales (active 1803-1815) United States, 1814 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Map of Columbia, Richland District (detail) Robert Mills (1791-1855) Atlas of the State of South Carolina 1825 Special Collections, College of Charleston Library
	Henry Lyons (1805-1858) Artist unknown ca. 1850 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Calendar of Fasts, Festivals, and other days, Observed by the Israelites. For the year 5585 . . . Directory and Stranger's Guide for the City of Charleston; Also . . . An Almanac for the Year of our Lord 1825 . . . . Charleston, S.C.: A. E. Miller, Nov. 1824 Special Collections, College of Charleston Library
	Simon Reuben Krijn (b. Philadelphia, d. Amsterdam, Holland) Artist unknown Probably Amsterdam, Holland, ca. 1818 Miniature [reproduction] Photo from the collection of H. A. Alexander, Jr. Private collection
	Leah Lazarus Cohen (Mrs. Mordecai Cohen) (1778-1844) John Canter (1782-1823) Charleston, S.C., ca. 1820 Oil on canvas Carolina Art Association/Gibbes Museum of Art Charleston, S.C.
	Mordecai Cohen (1763-1848) Theodore Sidney Moise (1808-1885) United States, ca. 1830 Oil on canvas Carolina Art Association/Gibbes Museum of Art Charleston, S.C.
	Marx Edwin Cohen, Sr. (1810-1882) Artist unknown, ca. 1875 Pastel on paper Private collection
	Phebe Yates Lazarus (Mrs. Joshua Lazarus) (1794-1870) Amélie Dautel D'Aubigny (ca. 1796-1861) France, ca. 1840 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Mrs. Edgar M. Lazarus Carolina Art Association/Gibbes Museum of Art Charleston, S.C.
	Joshua Lazarus (1796-1861) Amélie Dautel D'Aubigny (ca. 1796-1861) France, ca. 1840 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Mrs. Edgar M. Lazarus Carolina Art Association/Gibbes Museum of Art Columbia, S.C.
	Emma Lazarus (1798-1865) Amélie Dautel D'Aubigny (ca. 1796-1861) France, ca. 1840 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Mrs. Edgar M. Lazarus Carolina Art Association/Gibbes Museum of Art Columbia, S.C.
	Settlement Previous to the Marriage of Mr. Joshua Lazarus and Miss Phebe Yates, dated 27th October, 1835 Liverpool, England Paper, ink, wax and ribbon Private collection Post Nuptial Settlement in Pursuance of Antenuptial Contract, Joshua Lazarus to Benjamin D. Lazarus and Philip Phillips, dated 13th April, 1836 Charleston, S.C. Parchment, paper, ink, wax and ribbon Private collection
	Daniel Hart (d. 1811) Artist unknown ca. 1800 Watercolor on ivory Private collection
	Tea service of Samuel Hart (1805-1896) and Esther Ezekiel Hart (1812-1841) Charles Fox II (active 1822-1840) Exeter, England, ca. 1832 Silver Private collection
	Chapman Levy (1787-1849) Artist unknown ca. 1835 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Thomas W. Crockett in honor of Loraine Crockett Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library
	Eliza Levy Anderson (Mrs. Edward H. Anderson) (died before 1839) Artist unknown ca. 1835 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Lane Dinkins Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library
	Sarah Moses Levy (Mrs. Samuel Levy) (d. 1839) Artist unknown ca. 1798 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Lane Dinkins Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library Chapman Levy as a youth Artist unknown ca. 1798 Watercolor on ivory Gift of Lane Dinkins Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library
	Caroline "Caro" Agnes Moise Lopez (Mrs. J. L. Lopez) (1854-1885) Theodore Sidney Moïse (1808-1885) United States, February 1876 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Caroline Goldstein Belitzer (Mrs. Isaac Belitzer) (1822-1899) Artist unknown ca. 1860 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Emma Solomons Harby (Mrs. Horace Harby) (1847-1913) Artist unknown ca. 1880 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Dr. Joseph Robert Solomons (1824-1887) Artist unknown ca. 1857 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Silhouette of Isaac Harby (1788-1828) Artist unknown From Charles Reznikoff and Uriah V. Engleman, The Jews of Charleston: A History of an American Community
	Cashbook of Isaac Harby's Academy Charleston, S.C., January 1819-May 1820 Paper and ink Private collection The Gordian Knot or Causes and Effects Isaac Harby Charleston, S.C., Gabriel M. Bounetreau, 1810 Paper and ink, with leather binding Temple Sinai Archives Prayer book manuscript Isaac Harby Charleston, S.C., 1825 Paper and ink Temple Sinai Archives Writing desk with brass plate inscribed "A. Moïse, Sr." ca. 1800 Wood, leather, and metal Private collection
	Mordecai Manuel Noah (1785-1851) John Wesley Jarvis (1780-1851) United States, ca. 1820 Oil on canvas Congregation Shearith Israel
	Mary Olivia Lucas Harby (Mrs. George Washington Harby) (d. 1834) Artist unknown ca. 1830 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Isaac Clifton Moses (1781-1834) Artist unknown ca. 1815 Ink and watercolor on paper Private collection
	Desk set with ink stand belonging to Henry M. Phillips (1811-1884) James Dixon and Sons ca. 1835 Silver and glass Private collection

	Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, interior Solomon N. Carvalho (1815-1894) Charleston, S.C., 1838 Oil on canvas Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim exterior John Rubens Smith (1775-1849) Charleston, S.C., ca. 1812 Paper and ink Facsimile courtesy of Stephen and Julie Ziff Original in collection of the Library of Congress
	Adeline Cohen Phillips (Mrs. Isaac Phillips) (1839-1906) Artist unknown ca. 1860 Oil on canvas Private collection; Isaac Phillips (1836-1889) Artist unknown ca. 1860 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Clockwise from upper left: Hanukkiah, or Hanukkah menorah, candlesticks, kiddush cup, sugar bowl or etrog container, megillah, havdallah spice box, gragger
	Circular tray with Garden of Eden design ca. 1810-1830 Brass Private collection; Wimpel 1849 Undyed cotton and paint Gift of Mordenai Raisin Hirsch and Rachel M. Hirsch Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library; Kiddush cup Inscribed: "To Emil Pollitzer from his sponsors, Mr. and Mrs. H. Greenhood" United States, mid-19th century Silver Private collection
	Pair of temple menorahs 19th century Brass Private collection
	Candlesticks Brought to South Carolina from Knyszyn, Poland Mid-19th century Silver Private collection
	Sugar or sweetmeat bowl Inscribed: "Presented to the cong. Beth Elohim By Josh. Lazarus, AM 5601" David Bell England, ca. 1777 Silver Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Kiddush cup of Aaron Lazarus Tiffany, ca. 1850 Silver Private collection; Lazarus family rice spoon ca. 1830 Silver Private collection; Lazarus family cake knife Attributed to Wood and Hughes New York, ca. 1850 Silver Private collection
	Havdalah spice box of Rabbi Jacob Raisin and Jane Lazarus Raisin Warsaw, Poland, ca. 1810-1830 Silver Private collection
	Tefillin with bag Russia, ca. 1890 Leather and parchment Bag: cotton velvet Private collection
	Hanukkiah, or Hanukkah menorah B. Buch Warsaw, Poland, ca. 1900 Silver-plated Private collection
	Megillah Possibly made in Jerusalem, ca. 1900 Brought to Charleston from Poland, ca. 1921 Parchment, ink, and wood Private collection; Gragger Russia, late 19th century Wood Private collection
	Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, interior Charleston, S.C., ca. 1920 Photograph Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives College of Charleston Library
	Fancy's Sketch Book Penina Moïse Charleston, S.C.: J. S. Burges, 1833 Paper and ink Private collection; Penina Moïse (1797-1880) Framed photograph of portrait attributed to Theodore Sidney Moïse ca. 1840 Photograph courtesy of Anita Moïse Rosefield Rosenberg; The Sabbath School Companion Volume 1, No. 2, February 1895 Paper and ink Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives College of Charleston
	"Facts for You and Me," an educational card game used by Penina Moïse ca. 1867 54 question-and-answer cards and booklet Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives College of Charleston Library
	Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim ark Festival of Shavuot, ca. 1924 Photograph Gift of Dr. Aaron Raisin Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives College of Charleston Library
	Torah Russia, ca. 1750 Velum and wood Beth Shalom Synagogue; Yad Russia Cast metal Beth Shalom Synagogue
	Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, exterior Charleston, S.C. Photograph by Max Furchgott, ca. 1950 Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library
	Minutes of the Board of Trustees of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Charleston, S.C., September 20, 1838-September 4, 1843 Paper, ink, and leather Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives College of Charleston Library
	Hebrew Orphan Society book of minutes Charleston, S.C., February 19, 1850-May 6, 1862 Paper, ink, and leather Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives College of Charleston Library
	Hebrew Benevolent Society seal Faith Murray Charleston, S.C., 1967 Painted wood Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim
	Charity box with hinged cover Inscribed: "This Almsboxe belongeth to the Synagogue of Kahal Kadosh of Charleston in South Carolina" United States, early 19th century Silver-plated Private collection
	Rabbi Hirsch Zvi (Margolis) Levine (1807-1887) Newspaper clipping, pasted into Rabbi Levine's notebook Private collection
	Notebook of Rabbi Hirsch Zvi (Margolis) Levine (1807-1887) Charleston, S.C., 1852 Paper and ink Private collection
	Mizrah presented to Agnes and Joseph A. Volaski on their wedding, May 6, 1890 Mordecai Judah Patla, (ca. 1852-1925) Charleston, S.C., 1890 Paper and ink, gold gilt, and metal clasps Brith Sholom Beth Israel
	Ketubbah Charleston, S.C., November 1, 1848 (Heshvan 5609) Parchment and ink Private collection
	Isaiah Moses (1772-1857) Theodore Sidney Moise (1808-1885) United States, ca. 1835 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Rebecca Isaiah Moses (née Phillips) (Mrs. Isaiah Moses) (1792-1872) C. W. Uhl Charleston, S.C., 1843 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Survey plat of The Oaks Based on a survey by William Brailsford South Carolina, 1817 Paper, ink, and watercolor Framed reproduction courtesy of John L. Loeb Original in collection of South Carolina Historical Society
	Advertisement for sale of The Avenue, also known as The Oaks plantation Charleston Courier, February 26, 1840 Courtesy of the Charleston Library Society
	Clockwise from lower left: Watch fob or locket of Judah Touro Moses, son of Levy J. Moses and Adeline Moses ca. 1870 Rose gold-plated metal and photographs Private collection; Baby cap Cecilia Moses Solomons South Carolina, ca. 1840 Cotton Private collection; Goblet of Levy J. Moses 1855 Silver repoussé Private collection; Pearl arrow pin of Rebecca Isaiah Moses (with box) before 1840 Pin: pearls and silver Box: wood, leather, metal, and satin Private collection
	Sarah Moses Alexander (Mrs. Aaron Alexander) (1813-1892) Photographer unknown Mid-19th century Opalotype Private collection
	Israel Solomons (1847-1854) Artist unknown ca. 1850 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Album quilt made for Eleanor Israel Solomons (née Joseph) (Mrs. Israel Solomons) (1794-1856) Various contributors, blocks fabricated 1851-1854 Pieced and appliquéd chintz and calico, on muslin Private collection
	A. Friedheim & Bro. department store Rock Hill, S.C., 1902 Photograph courtesy of Rock Hill Economic Development
	Train station Greenwood, South Carolina, ca. 1895 Photograph courtesy of Evelyn Rosenberg Gross-Brein
	Wedding dress of Rebecca Winstock Rosenberg (1860-1952) South Carolina, 1885 Silk and cotton Private collection; Trousseau trunk of Rebecca Winstock Rosenberg Late 19th century Wood, metal, and paper Private collection
	A. Rosenberg clothing and shoe store Main Street, Greenwood, S.C., ca. 1910; Inset: Corporal Abraham Rosenberg, Kershaw Guards Camden, S.C., 1880; Photographs courtesy of Evelyn Rosenberg Gross-Brein
	Robert Mills's map of South Carolina From Atlas of the State of South Carolina, 1825 Special Collections, College of Charleston Librar
	Louis Mann Attributed to Solomon N. Carvalho (1815-1894) United States, 1865 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Mrs. Louis Mann Attributed to Solomon N. Carvalho (1815-1894) United States, 1865 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Huppah (bridal canopy) for the wedding of Hilda Hennig and David Alexander Cohen Darlington, S.C., October 17, 1918 Photograph courtesy of David J. Cohen
	Wedding menu and invitation Darlington, S.C., October 1918 Paper and ink, with cord Gift of David A. Cohen Jr. Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library
	Candlesticks of Dora Witcover ca. 1858-1860 Brass Private collection
	Hannah Jacobs Levi (Mrs. Moses Levi) (1830-1905) Artist unknown, ca. 1860 Graphite on paper Private collection
	Moses Levi (1827-1898) Carte de visite dated February 1891 Studio of Edm. Draper, 1500 Columbia Ave., S.W., Philadelphia, Pa. Photographic paper on cardboard Private collection
	Catalogue of the Moses Levi Memorial Institute Manning, S.C.: Manning Times Job Print, 1900 Paper and ink Private collection
	Louis Leopold Block with daughters, Rosalie Carolyn, Henrietta, and Bella Camden, S.C., ca. 1920 Photograph courtesy of Rhetta Aronson Mendelsohn
	Porcelain pitcher Bavaria, ca. 1900 Painted porcelain, inscribed: 'Royal Bayreuth Priv. 1784' Private collection
	"Trolley Bag" of Henrietta Block (Mrs. Lipman Philip Rich) (1897-1985) United States, ca. 1910-1920 Silver Private collection
	Letter from Isadore Rich to "My own Sweet Darling Reka and children" Wiesbaden, Germany, June 16, 1910 Paper and ink Gift of Reka DeMasi Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston
	Sterberegister (death registry) for Isadore Rich Aboard Kronprinzessin Cecilie (Crown Princess Cecilie) Monday, July 11, 1910 Paper and ink Gift of Reka DeMasi Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston; 'Mr Isadore Rich Buried' Orangeburg, S.C. July 14, 1910 Newspaper clipping Gift of Reka DeMasi Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston
	Apothecary bottles, mortar and pestle, and measuring cup from J. J. Klein drugstore (1845-1938) Glass and ceramic Private collection
	Metal box and photographs of John Marcus Klein (1858-1927) and family ca. 1900 Various materials Private collection
	Getta Silberman (Mrs. James J. Klein) (1837-1886) ca. 1857 Photograph framed in union case Private collection
	Plat map for "Kleins Store Lot" Walterboro, S.C., 1902 Canvas and ink Private collection
	Toys belonging to Maier Triest (1901-1969) ca. 1910 Tin and paint Private collection
	Triest family Bible ca. 1853 Paper and ink Private collection
	Rebecca Elias Israel (Mrs. Morris Israel) (1839-1896) Artist unknown ca. 1885 oil on canvas
	The Linah C. Kaminski Capt. S. E. Woodbury E. Mikkelson, 1885 Tempera, ink, and pencil on paper Private collection
	The Cohen family at the train station St. Matthews, S.C., ca. 1910 Photograph courtesy of Dorothy Gelson Cohen
	Children of Moritz and Anna Pollitzer Left to right: Sigismund, Gustave, Henry, Julia, and Richard Beaufort, S.C., 1866 Gift of William S. Pollitzer Jewish Heritage Collection College of Charleston Library
	Rabbi Solomon Raphael Kuh Jos. Bindeles United States, 1849 Pencil and watercolor Private collection
	Banquet booklet honoring the President of the United States Charleston, S.C., April 8, 1902 Paper, ink, and cord South Carolina Historical Society; Souvenir cup from the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition Charleston, S.C., 1901-1902 Glass Brith Sholom Beth Israel; Gustave M. Pollitzer's banquet invitation Charleston, S.C., 1902 Paper and ink South Carolina Historical Society; Admission card to President's Day banquet Charleston, S.C., 1902 Paper and ink South Carolina Historical Society; Ticket to South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition Charleston, S.C., May 22, 1902 Paper and ink South Carolina Historical Society
	Gettysburg Field Hospital, 1863 Photograph courtesy of Confederate Relic Room and Museum, Columbia, South Carolina
	The Isabel (steam-sail) Edward McGregor, September 1848 Oil on canvas Maryland Historical Society
	Isabel Rebecca Lyons Mordecai (Mrs. Moses Cohen Mordecai) (1804-1895) Theodore Sidney Moïse (1808-1885) United States, ca. 1835 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Medicine box of Moses Cohen Mordecai (1804-1888) November, 1865 Pine, brass, china, glass, poplar top, cardboard, tin, and paper Gift of Thomas J. Tobias The Charleston Museum
	David Camden DeLeon (1816-1872) Solomon N. Carvalho (1815-1894) United States, 1849 Oil on canvas Gift of the William Wolman Foundation The Jewish Museum
	Myer Buchanan Moses III (1833-1889) in early Confederate uniform George S. Cook ca. 1862 Ambrotype Private collection
	Dress sword of Perry Moses ca. 1840 Silver with mother-of-pearl inlay Private collection
	Joshua Lazarus Moses (standing), Isaac Harby Moses (left), and Perry Moses ca. 1861 Photograph courtesy of Anne F. Jennings
	Andrew Jackson Moses (1815-1877) Artist unknown ca. 1840 Oil on canvas Private collection
	Octavia Harby Moses (Mrs. Andrew Jackson Moses) (1823-1904) Artist unknown ca. 1840 Oil on canvas Private collection
	"To My Dead Son, J. L. Moses, Killed at the Battle of Blakely, Ala.," in A Mother's Poems Octavia Harby Moses "Published by her children and grandchildren," South Carolina, 1915 Paper and ink, with gilded cloth cover Private collection; Lt. Joshua Lazarus Moses (1839-1865) Company C, 3rd (Palmetto) Battalion, South Carolina Light Artillery Photograph of a portrait (possibly posthumous) Artist unknown, ca. 1865 Gouache on paper Private collection
	Letter from A. C. Myers Quartermaster General, Confederate States of America Richmond, Virginia, May 24th, 1862 to Major W. Montgomery, Quartermaster, Corinth, Mississippi American Jewish Historical Society; Abraham Charles Myers (1833-1889) Carte de visite by Rees, Richmond, Virginia Photograph courtesy of Bob Marcus
	Captain E. W. Moïse (1832-1903) ca. 1862 Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Moïse Photograph courtesy of Sumter County Museum Archives
	Maier Triest ca. 1863 Photograph courtesy of Larry W. Freudenberg; Theodore Belitzer ca. 1861 Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Manuscript Archives Special Collections, College of Charleston Library; Phoebe Yates Levy Pember ca. 1855 Photograph courtesy of Civil War Times
	Monument to Marcus Baum Hebrew Benevolent Society Cemetery Camden, South Carolina Photograph courtesy of McKissick Museum University of South Carolina
	Columbia in Flames Harper's Weekly, April 8, 1865 Paper and ink engraving South Caroliniana Library University of South Carolina
	Eleanor H. Cohen (Mrs. Benjamin Seixas) (1841-1874) Lawrence Cohen (b. 1836) United States, ca. 1865 Pencil on paper Private collection
	Diary of Eleanor H. Cohen Columbia, Richmond, Charleston, 1865-1866 Pencil or ink on paper [reproduction] Private collection
	The Last Council of War Meeting of Confederate President Jefferson Davis with his Military Chiefs and Advisors from left to right: General Vaughn, Brigadier General Ferguson, General Bragg, President Davis, Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, General Breckinridge, General Dibrell, Brigadier General Duke, and Colonel Breckinridge Wilber George Kurtz (1882-1967) United States, 1922 Oil on canvas City of Abbeville, S.C.
	Judah P. Benjamin (1811-1884) Adolph Rinck (1811-1875) United States, 1853 Oil on canvas The Historic New Orleans Collection
	$500 Confederate bond, dated February 24, 1863 Paper and ink American Jewish Historical Society
	Letter from J. P. Benjamin, Acting Secretary of War Richmond, Virginia, September 26, 1861 to Judge E. Ward, Charleston, Kanawha Co., Virginia Paper and ink American Jewish Historical Society
	Campaign banner of Franklin J. Moses, Jr. South Carolina, 1872 Cotton and ink McKissick Museum University of South Carolina
	Franklin J. Moses, Jr. (1838-1906) From composite photo titled "Radical Members of the So. Ca. Legislature," ca. 1875 Photograph courtesy of the South Carolina Historical Society; Top hat of Franklin J. Moses Jr. ca. 1870 Beaver skin South Carolina State Museum; Paperweight Inscribed: "F. J. Moses, Jr." ca. 1870 marble South Carolina State Museum; Inaugural Address delivered by Franklin J. Moses, Jr. Columbia, S.C., 1872
	Francis L. Cardozo (1836-1903) Engraving [reproduction] Photo courtesy of the Avery Research Center for African-American History and Culture College of Charleston
	Col. Edwin Warren Moise (1832-1903), Adjutant and Inspector General From a composite photo of Wade Hampton and his cabinet Columbia, S.C.: W.P. Hix, 1877 Private collection

	Greenville Army and Navy Store, Greenville, S.C. Jeff Zaglin, proprietor.
	Lipsitz shoe store, Beaufort, S.C. The Lipsitz family at their new store at 828 Bay Street. The original store, still in business directly across the street, was established in 1902. Left to right: Joe, Lucille, Michele, Neil, Adam Lipsitz.
	Lourie's men's store, Columbia, S.C. Founded in 1912 in St. George, Sourth Carolina, Lourie's moved to 1437 Main Street in Columbia in 1948. Left to right: Louis, A.M. (Mick), Joel, Isadore, and Frank Lourie.
	Conestee Mill, Conestee, S.C. Proprietor Hy Brand in his textile warehouse near Greenville. The original mill building dates from the 1840s.
	D. Poliakoff Department Store, Abbeville, S.C. Elaine Poliakoff Fenton, Edward Poliakoff, and Doris Poliakoff Feinsilber. Established in 1900 by their Russian immigrant grandfather, David Poliakoff, the store closed permanently in August 2000.
	Alwyn's on Front Street, Georgetown, S.C. Alwyn Goldstein and Philip Schneider in the back of Alwyn's store, which went out of business in 1989 in the wake of Hurricane Hugo.
	Construction site for Iceland U.S.A., Irmo, S.C. Jeff Selig, Alan Kahn, and Jerry Kline.
	Iceland U.S.A., Irmo, S.C. Entrepreneur David Bass.
	Palmetto Pigeon Plant, Sumter, S.C. Patty Levi Barnett and her twin brother Wendell M. Levi, Jr. Founded in 1923 by their father, attorney and naturalist Wendell Levi, Sr., and his partner, engineer Harold Moïse, the plant today is the largest squab farm in the world.
	South Carolina Supreme Court, Columbia, S.C. David I. Bruck, "death row" defense attorney.
	Allan Sindler, Camden, S.C. At work in his studio on a new piece of sculpture.
	Warshaw's Going-Out-of-Business Sale, Walterboro, S.C. Proprietor Bernard Warshaw.
	The Stingrays, North Charleston, S.C. Jerry and Anita Zucker and Edwin S. Pearlstine, Jr., owners of the Stingrays hockey team, with players, trainers, and coach during practice at the Carolina Ice Palace.
	Jerusalem Restaurant, Myrtle Beach, S.C. A glatt kosher Israeli restaurant, with owners Nina and Yossi (Joseph) Elmalih, and Nina's neices, Hanni Logasy and Hanni Zohar.
	Russian Jewish émigré musicians, Charleston, S.C. Alexander Agrest, Marina Agrest, and Rozolita Agrest.
	Russian Jewish émigré professors on the College of Charleston Science Center Observatory Deck, Charleston, S.C. Matest Agrest (mathematics and astronomy) and Lev Chernomordik (chemical energotechnology).
	Russian Jewish emigre professors on the College of Charleston Science Center observatory deck, Charleston, S.C. Mikail M. Agrest (physics), Emmanuil Agrest (mathematics), Igor Kogan (engineering), Alex Pecheny (mathematics), Raisa M. Gomer (classics and languages).
	Operation Understanding, Charleston, S.C. Members of a Jewish and African-American youth group at the National Children's Cancer Society Thrift Store.
	Charleston Police Chief Reuben Greenberg, Charleston, S.C. In his yarmulke and tallit, at Conservative Synagogue Emanu-El; in his office on Lockwood Drive; and as a Civil War reenactor in the uniform of the 54th Massachusetts Voluntary Infantry, on the South Battery.
	South Carolina State House, Columbia, S.C. Left to right: Joel Lourie (House 1998-2004, Senate 2005-present), Isadore E. Lourie (House 1965-72, Senate 1973-93), Hyman Rubin (Columbia City Council and Mayor Pro Tem 1952-66, Senate 1966-84), Sylvia Dreyfus (House 1976-78), David Taub (mayor of Beaufort, 1990-99), Irene Krugman Rudnick (House 1973-78, 1981-84, 1987-93), Arnold Goldstein (House 1970-74, Senate 1975-80), Richard Moses (mayor of Sumter, 1972-76), Harriet Keyserling (House, 1976-92), William Keyserling (House 1993-96), Leonard Krawcheck (House 1967-70).
	Etta Leah Bluestein, M.D., Charleston, S.C. Ophthalmologist.
	Alex's Shoe Repair, Charleston, S.C. Proprietor Alex Marshtein, Russian émigré cobbler.
	South of the Border, Dillon, S.C. Amusement park founded in 1950 by Alan Schafer.
	Max and Trude Heller on Main Street, Greenville, S.C. The street's renovation was accomplished between 1971 and 1979, when Mr. Heller was mayor.
	St. Philip Street, Charleston, S.C. The "uptown crowd" in their old neighborhood.
	Ziff family, Charleston, S.C. On the piazza of Stephen and Julie Ziff's house on Legare Street. Relative newcomers, nearly two dozen members of the family now live in South Carolina.
	Piazza of the Kaminski House Museum, Georgetown, S.C.
	Members of the Moïse family, Charleston, S.C. On the piazza of the historic home of Abraham Moïse, Jr.
	Three generations of sportsmen, Spartanburg, S.C. Bob Lyon with sons Robert, Michael, and David and grandsons Craig and Ross.
	Mah-jongg game at Beth Israel, Beaufort, S.C. Lucille Bass Lipsitz, Rose Yospe Mark, Corinne S. Hagood, and Celia Pinosky Lipson in the social hall of the synagogue.
	The Queen Bees at Patriot's Point, Mt. Pleasant, S.C. Erin Floyd, Alissa Gilium, Coach Ted Rosengarten, Kendra Coaxum, Miriam Crawford, Estee Perlmutter.
	Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, Charleston, S.C. Friday night service celebrating the 250th anniversary of the congregation.
	"The Big Apple,"Columbia, S.C. Beth Shalom's first synagogue. When the congregation relocated, the sanctuary became a nightclub where a dance called the Big Apple was invented.
	Members of Congregation Beth Israel, Beaufort, S.C.
	West Ashley Minyan House (prayer house), Charleston, S.C. Members of Charleston's congregation Brith Sholom Beth Israel at a satellite synagogue in suburban South Windermere.
	Tree of Life, Columbia, S.C. Sisterhood members preparing the oneg Shabbat in the synagogue kitchen. Catherine Weiner, Libby Paul, Julie Strauss, Sarah Strauss, Mary Helen Baum.
	Temple Sinai, Sumter, S.C. Robert A. Moses in the temple's sanctuary, noted for its remarkable stained glass windows featuring Biblical scenes.
	Temple Beth El, Camden, S.C.
	Temple Beth Elohim, Georgetown, S.C. Clockwise from upper left: Deborah Baruch Abrams, Meyer Rosen, Alwyn Goldstein, Rita Levy Fogel, and Philip Schneider.
	Lubavitcher Chabad (Orthodox day school), Myrtle Beach, S.C. Rabbi Doron Aizenman, director.
	Coming Street Cemetery, Charleston, S.C. Sol Breibart, historian of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim and caretaker of the cemetery.
	Hebrew Benevolent Association Cemetery, Camden, S.C. Left to right: Harold M. Aronson, Rose Louise Aronson, Carolyn Baruch Levenson, Ella Levenson Schlosburg, Deborah Baruch Abrams, Ann Briskin Baum, Bernie Baum, Cheryl Baum, Garry Baum, Faye Lomansky Levinson, and Arnold Levinson.
	Holocaust Memorial, Charleston, S.C. Survivors of the Shoah and their offspring at the memorial on Marion Square, near the corner of Calhoun and Meeting Streets.
	Columbia Jewish Day School, Columbia, S.C. Students light Shabbat candles at Beth Shalom Synagogue.
	Avram Aizenman reciting the morning prayers, Myrtle Beach, S.C.
	Addlestone Hebrew Academy, Johns Island, S.C. Students and faculty of Charleston's Hebrew day school, run by Brith Sholom Beth Israel, gathered under the Angel Oak.